How to fix yum after CentOS 6 went EOL

 If for whatever reason, you are stuck with the now EOL version of the CentOS operating system, you can no longer run yum upgrade successfully. Running yum upgrade in CentOS 6 will yield the following results:


Setting up Upgrade Process
YumRepo Error: All mirror URLs are not using ftp, http[s] or file.
Eg. Invalid release/repo/arch combination/
removing mirrorlist with no valid mirrors: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/base/mirrorlist.txt
Error: Cannot retrieve repository metadata (repomd.xml) for repository: base. Please verify its path and try again


Use the CentOS Vault repository :- 

The CentOS Vault repositories have been around for a long time and allow you to stick to a specific CentOS x.y release even while newer ones are available. Now that there will be no newer 6.x, you can simply point your yum repository configuration to the latest 6.x that will ever be, which is 6.10.

To use the Vault repository, set up its repo configuration instead of the now defunct repositories configuration:

curl https://www.getpagespeed.com/files/centos6-eol.repo --output /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo

How to Setup Caching NameServer on CentOS/RHEL 6/5

 Caching name servers, also called DNS caches, store DNS query results for a period of time determined in the configuration (time-to-live) of each domain-name record. DNS caches improve the efficiency of the DNS by reducing DNS traffic across the Internet, and by reducing load on authoritative name-servers, particularly root name-servers. Because they can answer questions more quickly, they also increase the performance of end-user applications that use the DNS. Read more