Specifies the desktop background ("wallpaper") displayed on all users' desktops.

This setting lets you specify the wallpaper on users' desktops and prevents users from changing the image or its presentation. The wallpaper you specify can be stored in a bitmap (*.bmp) or JPEG (*.jpg) file.

To use this setting, type the fully qualified path and name of the file that stores the wallpaper image. You can type a local path, such as C:\Windows\web\wallpaper\home.jpg or a UNC path, such as \\Server\Share\Corp.jpg. If the specified file is not available when the user logs on, no wallpaper is displayed. Users cannot specify alternative wallpaper. You can also use this setting to specify that the wallpaper image be centered, tiled, or stretched. Users cannot change this specification.

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windows dhcp server & cisco vlan

توزيـع الـ IPs على Vlans من خلال DHCP Server واحد 
أولا : إعداد Switch :كما نعرف وموضح في الصورة أنه يوجد أربعة Vlans كل واحده تخص قسم معين , فلهذا يجب إنشاءهم وحجز الـ Ports لهم :
ملاحظة : أول Vlan هي افتراضية وتم إنشاءها من قبل ولا نستطيع تغير اسمها لـ Sales ولكن نستطيع استخدامها ووضعها للـ Sales او اي قسم اخر حسب احتياجاتك 

Switch>
Switch>ena
Switch#vlan database
Switch(vlan)#vlan 2 name IT
VLAN 2 added:
Name: IT
Switch(vlan)#Vlan 3 name Accountants
VLAN 3 added:
Name: Accountants
Switch(vlan)#Vlan 4 name Managers
VLAN 4 added:
Name: Managers

الأن تم إنشاء الـ Vlans الأربعة وكما قولنا الأولى أفتراضيه وهي للـ Sales والثانية للـ IT والثالثة للـ Accountants أما الرابعة للـ Managers

ولرؤية هذا من خلال الأمر : Show Vlan أو Show Vlan- switich 

والأن نريد حجز الـ Ports لكل Vlan :

Switch#conf t
Switch(config)#int range f1/2 - 5
Switch(config-if-range)#switchport mode access
Switch(config-if-range)#switchport access vlan 2
Switch(config-if-range)# exit
Switch(config)#int range f1/6 - 10
Switch(config-if-range)#switchport mode access
Switch(config-if-range)#switchport access vlan 3
Switch(config-if-range)# exit
Switch(config)#int range f1/11 - 15
Switch(config-if-range)#switchport mode access
Switch(config-if-range)#switchport access vlan 4

ولرؤية هذا من خلال الأمر : Show Vlan أو Show Vlan- switich 

وأخيرا يجب وضع Port بين Switch و Router =<Trunk

Switch#conf t
Switch(config)#int f1/1
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode trunk

وهكذا تم إعداد الـ Switch ووضع Vlans وبإذن الله تعالى سوف ننتقل الآن لإعداد Routers 
ثانيا : إعداد Router :سوف يتم تقسيم Interface إلى Sub-Interfaces وكل واحد خاص لـ Vlan كما هو موضح في صورة :

Router(config)#int e0/0
Router(config-if)#full-duplex
Router(config-if)#duplex full
Router(config-if)#no ip address
Router(config-if)#no sh
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#int e0/1
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#ip helper-address 192.168.1.2 Ip DHCP Server هنا نحدد
Router(config-if)#no sh

تقسيم InterFace إلى Sub-Interfaces وإعطائهم Default Gateway وتحديد Vlan الخاصة لكل منهم الآن :

Router(config)#int e0/0.2

رقم 2 تعني Vlan الثانيهRouter(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 2

Router(config-subif)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0

Router(config-subif)#ip helper-address 192.168.1.2
Router(config-subif)#exit

Router(config)#int e0/0.3
Router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 3
Router(config-subif)#ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-subif)#ip helper-address 192.168.1.2
Router(config-subif)#exit

Router(config)#int e0/0.4
Router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 4
Router(config-subif)#ip address 192.168.4.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-subif)#ip helper-address 192.168.1.2
Router(config-subif)#exit

ولتأكد ورؤية ما تم عمله من خلال الأمر : Show ip interface brief

ثالثا : إعداد DHCP Server :
يجب أولا إعداد كرت الشبكة في جهاز Server ووضع الـ IP الخاص به كما في الصورة :

ثم تنزيل DHCP Service من خلال :

Start -> Control Panel -> Add/Remove Programs -> Add/Remove Windows Components -> Networking Services -> Select Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

مع مراعاة وجود Windows Server 2003 CD في الجهاز عند تنزيل DHCP Service 
والآن هي مرحلة عمل الـ Scopes بعد فتح DHCP وعمل Authorize له (( إن كان ضمن Domain )) :
أول Scope سوف يكون للـ Sales وبنفس هذه الخطوات نستطيع عمل الـ Scope للـ IT وغيره

وهنا نستطيع حجز IPs لمنع الـ Dhcp Scope إعطاءها للآخرين

أما هنا يتم وضع Default gateway الخاص لكل Vlan

يرجى تعلم DHCP Scope ,

لمعرفة التطبيقات والإجراءات اللازم إعدادها لموافقة شروط شبكة العمل لديك , وبعد أنشاء الـScope

Vlan تظهر لنا الصورة التالي الخاصة لكل

رابعا : إعداد Client :يجب التحقق أن Local Network Connection موضوع على 

وفي النهاية يجب عمل Repair لل Network Adapter أو Restart للجهاز .... عندها الأجهزة في Sales Vlan سوف تحصل علىIPs الخاصة بها كما في الصورة :

أما الأجهزة في IT Vlan سوف تحصل علىIPs الخاصة بها كما في الصورة :

أما الأجهزة في Accountants Vlan سوف تحصل علىIPs الخاصة بها مع ملاحظة مهم وهي تطبيق الأمرين في صورة في حالة وجود IP من قبل ونريد وضع IP آخر جديد :

أما الأجهزة في Managers Vlan سوف تحصل علىIPs الخاصة بها كما في الصورة :

وفي النهاية أرجوا أنني أتمت الصورة الكافية لكيفية توزيع IPS للـ Vlans من خلال DHCP Server واحد فقط مع مراعاة Router يدعم IP Helper

منفول

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How to Install Print Services for UNIX

This article explains how to install Print Services for UNIX and configure a Line Printer Remote (LPR) printer.

If your network has both Windows 2000 Server print servers as well as UNIX print servers, computers running Windows XP Professional may need to be able to print to either environment. To accomplish this goal you need to configure Print Services for UNIX as well as Microsoft Windows printing.

To install Print Services for UNIX

1. Click Start, and then click Control Panel.
2. In Control Panel, click Add or Remove Programs.
3. Click Add/Remove Windows Components. 
4. In the Windows Components Wizard, click Other Network File and Print Services, and then click Details, as shown in Figure 1 below.
   
   
   Figure 1. Adding Print Services for UNIX
5. Select Print Services for UNIX, and then click OK.
6. Click Next, and then click Finish.
   
   Note  You may be prompted for the Windows XP Professional CD to complete the installation.

Configuring the LPR Port

The Line Printer Remote (LPR) port is best suited to servers that need to communicate with host computers such as UNIX or VAX computers.

To configure an LPR printer

1. In Control Panel, click Printers and Other Hardware, and then click Printers and Faxes.
2. Under Printer Tasks, click Add a printer to open the Add Printer Wizard, and then click Next.
3. Click Local printer or stand-alone network printer, clear the Automatically detect and install my Plug and Play printer check box, and then click Next.
4. Click Create a new port, and then click LPR Port.
5. If LPR Port is not available, click Cancel to stop the wizard. To add the LPR port, you need to install the optional networking component,Print Services for UNIX, as explained earlier in this article.
6. Click Next, and then provide the following information:
   
   • In Name or address of server providing LPD, type the Domain Name System (DNS) name or Internet Protocol (IP) address of the host for the printer you are adding. The host may be the direct-connect TCP/IP printing device or the UNIX computer to which the printing device is connected. The DNS name can be the name specified for the host in the Hosts file.
   • In Name of printer or print queue on that server, type the name of the printer as it is identified by the host, which is either the direct-connect printer itself or the UNIX computer.
7. Follow the instructions on the screen to finish installing the TCP/IP printer.
   
   
   

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How to Use Windows XP,7,8 to Share a Printer with Others on Your Network

Sharing Printers with Others on Your Network

To share your printer

1. Open Printers and Faxes. Click Start, click Control Panel, click Printers and Other Hardware, and then click Printers and Faxes.
2. Right-click the printer you want to share, and then click Sharing.
3. On the Sharing tab, click Share this printer and then type a share name for the shared printer.
4. 
5. If you share the printer with others using different hardware or different operating systems, click Additional Drivers. Click the Environment and operating system for the other computers, and then click OK to install the additional drivers.
   
   
   Note  Drivers for users running other versions of Windows (Windows 95, Windows 98, or Windows NT 4.0) are located on the Support CD. Printer drivers for Windows NT 3.1 and Windows NT 3.5 are not included.
6. Click OK, or, if you have installed additional drivers, click Close.
   
   Note  When you publish a printer in Active Directory, other users logged on to the Windows domain will be able to search for the printer based on its location and features, such as how many pages it prints per minute and whether color printing is supported.

To stop sharing your printer

1. Open Printers and Faxes. Click Start, click Control Panel, click Printers and Other Hardware, and then click Printers and Faxes.
2. Right-click the printer you want to stop sharing, and then click Sharing.
3. On the Sharing tab, click Do Not share this printer.

To connect to a printer on a network

1. Open Printers and Faxes. Click Start, click Control Panel, click Printers and Other Hardware, and then click Printers and Faxes.
2. Under Printer Tasks, click Add a printer to open the Add Printer Wizard, and then click Next.
3. Click A network printer, or a printer attached to another computer, and then click Next.
   
   

Three Ways to Connect to a Printer on a Network To search for a printer in Active Directory

1. Click Find a printer in the directory, and then click Next.
   
   
2. Click the Browse button to the right of Location, click the printer location, and then click OK.
   
   
3. Click Find Now.
4. Click the printer you want to connect to, and then click OK.

To locate a printer by typing the printer name or browsing for it

1. Click Connect to this printer.
   
   
2. Do one of the following:

• Type the printer name using the following format:
  
  \\printserver_name\share_name
• Browse for it on the network. Click Next, click the printer in Shared printers.
  
  

1. Click Next.

To connect to an Internet or intranet printer

1. Click Connect to a printer on the Internet or on a home or office network.
   
   
2. Type the URL to the printer using the following format:
   http://printserver_name/Printers/share_name/.printer.
3. Follow the instructions on the screen to finish connecting to the network printer.

Setting or Removing Permissions for a Printer

To change the permission settings for a printer, you must have the Manage Printers permission, which is one of several printer permissions.

To set up new permissions for a printer

1. Open Printers and Faxes.
2. Right-click the printer for which you want to set permissions, click Properties, and then click the Security tab.
   
   
3. Click Add.
4. Click Look For, select the types of users you want to add, and then click OK.
5. Click Look In, browse for the location you want to search, and then click OK.
6. In the Name box, type the name of the user or group you want to set permissions for, separating each name with a semicolon ( ; ).
7. To ensure the names are recognized by the directory, click Check Names.
8. Once all the names you want are listed in the Name box, click OK.
9. In Permissions, click the Allow or Deny check box for each permission you want to allow or deny.
10. To view or change the underlying printer permissions that make up Print, Manage Printers, and Manage Documents, click Advanced.

To change or remove permissions for a printer

1. Open Printers and Faxes.
2. Right-click the printer for which you want to change or remove permissions, click Properties, and then click the Security tab.
3. Click the name of the user or group whose permissions you want to change or remove.
4. In Permissions, click the Allow or Deny check box for each permission you want to allow or deny, if necessary. Or, to remove the user or group from the permissions list, click Remove.
5. To view or change the underlying permissions that make up Print, Manage Printers, and Manage Documents, click Advanced.
   
   
   

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Types of backup 2003

Applies To: Windows Server 2003, Windows Server 2003 R2, Windows Server 2003 with SP1, Windows Server 2003 with SP2

Types of backup

The Backup utility supports five methods of backing up data on your computer or network.

Copy backup

A copy backup copies all the files you select, but does not mark each file as having been backed up (in other words, the archive attribute is not cleared). Copying is useful if you want to back up files between normal and incremental backups because copying does not affect these other backup operations.

Daily backup

A daily backup copies all the files that you select that have been modified on the day the daily backup is performed. The backed-up files are not marked as having been backed up (in other words, the archive attribute is not cleared).

Differential backup

A differential backup copies files that have been created or changed since the last normal or incremental backup. It does not mark files as having been backed up (in other words, the archive attribute is not cleared). If you are performing a combination of normal and differential backups, restoring files and folders requires that you have the last normal as well as the last differential backup.

Incremental backup

An incremental backup backs up only those files that have been created or changed since the last normal or incremental backup. It marks files as having been backed up (in other words, the archive attribute is cleared). If you use a combination of normal and incremental backups, you will need to have the last normal backup set as well as all incremental backup sets to restore your data.

Normal backup

A normal backup copies all the files you select and marks each file as having been backed up (in other words, the archive attribute is cleared). With normal backups, you only need the most recent copy of the backup file or tape to restore all of the files. You usually perform a normal backup the first time you create a backup set.

Backing up your data using a combination of normal backups and incremental backups requires the least amount of storage space and is the quickest backup method. However, recovering files can be time-consuming and difficult because the backup set might be stored on several disks or tapes.

Backing up your data using a combination of normal backups and differential backups is more time-consuming, especially if your data changes frequently, but it is easier to restore the data because the backup set is usually stored on only a few disks or tapes.

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