الفرق بين نسخ الويندوز 8
5 Ways to Shut Down or Restart a Windows 8 Computer or Device5
1. Shut Down Using the Settings Charm in Windows 8
The "traditional" way of shutting down the computer in Windows 8 is via the Settings charm. PressWindows + I on your keyboard and then click or tap Power.
To learn more about Charms in Windows 8 and how to use them, read this detailed tutorial: Introducing Windows 8: What are the Charms?.
2. Shut Down from the Log On Screen in Windows 8
If you find yourself at the log on screen in Windows 8, press the Power button on the bottom right. A menu shows up with the Shut Down and Restart options.
3. Shut Down Using Shortcuts in Windows 8
An alternative is to use the Shut Down and Restart shortcuts we bundled in our huge library of shortcuts for Windows 7.
Most of those shortcuts work also in Windows 8. You can find them here: Download The Biggest Library of Windows 7 Shortcuts.
To learn how to add shortcuts to the Start screen and organize them, I recommend the following tutorials:The Complete Guide to Pinning Everything to the Windows 8 Start Screen and Introducing Windows 8: Group Shortcuts on the Start Screen and Name Them.
4. Shut Down Using the "Shut Down" Menu in Windows 8
If you find yourself on the Desktop and there are no active windows being displayed, you can press Alt+F4on your keyboard, to bring up the Shut Down menu.
Alternatively, you can use the custom shortcut we created for this menu. You can place it on the Desktop or the Start screen.
The shortcut can be downloaded from here: Download the Shortcut for the "Shut Down Windows" Menu.
5. Shut Down from the Command Line in Windows 8
If you are a Command Line geek, you can use the shutdown /s command.
To learn about all the available parameters for this command simply type shutdown in the Command Prompt.
How to Encrypt a System Partition with BitLocker in Windows 7 & Windows 8
How to Encrypt a System Partition with BitLocker in Windows 7 & Windows 8
Launching the BitLocker Drive Encryption Panel
Both in Windows 7 and Windows 8, BitLocker is found in the Control Panel. Launch it and go to System and Security -> Bitlocker Drive Encryption.
This is how the BitLocker panel looks in Windows 7. For each drive you see its drive letter, label and the status of BitLocker: On or Off.
The BitLocker panel in Windows 8 is better organized and generally looks better. Also the drives are split into categories, according to their type.
How to Encrypt Your System Partition in Windows 8
Click or tap on the ”Turn on BitLocker” button next to the drive you want to encrypt. This opens theBitLocker Drive Encryption wizard. You are asked to enter a password that will be required each time you boot your computer. Without it, you won’t be able to access the partition that is encrypted or boot to Windows 8. Therefore, make sure you remember this password and you choose something that is not easily guessable by others.
Once you are done typing the password, press Next.
Now you are asked where you want to back up the recovery key. This key is used only when you have problems accessing the encrypted drive. Choose the option you prefer and then press Next.
You are asked how much of your drive you want to encrypt. If you have a newer computer with a fresh installation of Windows 8, it is best to choose the first option. If your computer has been used for a while, it is best to encrypt the whole drive. The second option will make the encryption process take longer though. Pick the option that works best for you and press Next.
Leave the ”Run BitLocker system check” box checked and press Continue.
You are then informed that the encryption will be completed after a restart. Reboot your computer, enter the password you have set earlier and log in to Windows 8.
The progress of the encryption process is shown on the Desktop, in the notification area.
If you click or tap the notification, a progress window is displayed.
You can continue to use the computer while the encryption is performed in the background. When the process is over you will be informed.
IMPORTANT: Another enhancement in Windows 8 is that the encryption process is the same, even if you use a TPM chip or not. There are very minor differences. That’s not true about Windows 7 which, in case you don’t use a TPM chip, forces you to use at all times a USB memory stick where your BitLocker startup key is stored. Without it plugged in, you won’t be able to access the encrypted partition.
How to Encrypt Your System Partition in Windows 7
If you are using a TPM chip with Windows 7, then than encryption process is very similar to the instructions shown for Windows 8.
If you followed this tutorial on a computer without a TPM chip, to enable BitLocker encryption, then you will go through some additional steps.
When you start the BitLocker Drive Encryption wizard, you are first required to store a Startup key and have it used at every startup.
You can store it on a USB memory device, like a memory stick. Select the device and press Save.
Then you are asked to save the recovery key. Unlike Windows 8, Windows 7 doesn’t allow you to save it in your Microsoft account (on SkyDrive). The other options available are the same.
Once your computer is restarted in order to start the encryption process, you won’t be asked for theBitLocker password/startup key like in Windows 8. You will have to plug in the USB drive where it stored. Without it, you won’t be able to access the partition that was encrypted.
Enabling Remote Desktop Connections in Windows 7
Enabling Remote Desktop Connections on your Windows Computer
To enable Remote Desktop Connections, click the Start button, right-click on Computer and chooseProperties.
In the System Properties window, click Remote settings in the left panel.
This will open the Remote tab of the System Properties window. Here, you have three options to choose from under Remote Desktop:
- Don’t allow connections to this computer - This option will prevent users from connecting to your computer using Remote Desktop Connection or RemoteApp. (RemoteApp connections are connections where the client only connects to a single application.)
- Allow connections from computers running any version of Remote Desktop - This will allow users running any version of RemoteApp or Remote Desktop Connection to connect to your computer. Use this if you’re not sure which version of Remote Desktop the client will be using, or if they are using a third-party Remote Desktop Connection application. (For example, Ubuntu clients will likely require the second option.)
- Allow connections only from computers running Remote Desktop with Network Level Authentication - This restricts Remote Desktop Connections to those running versions of Remote Desktop that have Network Level Authentication. Network Level Authentication was introduced inRemote Desktop Client 6.0. If the client computer is running Windows 7 or they’ve recently downloaded the Remote Desktop Connection client, use this option, as it’s more secure.
At this point, you can click OK and clients will be able to log in to your computer via Remote Desktop Connection using the login credentials for administrator level users. However, you probably won’t want to give out your administrator credentials to tech support people, network admins and others. So, it’s a good idea to set up a separate standard level user account for Remote Desktop Connections.
First, create a user account following the instructions in our previous tutorial: How to Create or Delete User Accounts.
Next, return to the Remote tab in System Properties and click Select Users. This opens the Remote Desktop Users window.
Type the user account name in the box in the next window and click Check Names. Windows will make sure that a user account with that name exists and add the location in front of it. For example, in these screenshots, I’m going to allow users to connect to my computer via Remote Desktop Connection using credentials for a standard user account called 7Tutorials. After clicking Check Names, Windows automatically adds the location where the user account is. In this case, it’s MACWIN7 (my local machine).
When you’re done, click OK. Now, users will be able to connect via Remote Desktop Connection to your computer with the login credentials for
Configuring Remote Desktop Connection
Remote Desktop Connection
Launch the Remote Desktop Connection client by clicking Start and navigating to Accessories, where you’ll find the Remote Desktop Connection icon.
When Remote Desktop Connection launches, you’ll be able to type in the computer name of the Remote Desktop Connection host and connect right away. But you might want to adjust some settings first. Expand the preferences by clicking Options.
The General tab allows you to enter the computer name and the user name. The computer name is how the host computer identifies itself on the network. If you’re not sure what the computer name is, you can see it in System Properties on the remote computer. Also, if you have trouble connecting using a computer name, you can also connect using the host’s local IP address.
Under user name, enter the user name for an administrator account on the remote machine, or a standard user account that has been enabled for Remote Desktop connections. In other words, use a user name that you would enter if you were logging in locally to the host machine.
NOTE: In this screenshot, you’ll see the user name formatted as computername\username. You don’t have to type it in like this, but when Remote Desktop Connection saves your connection settings, it will reformat it like this.
In the Display tab you can tweak some of the video settings. By changing the screen size and color depth, you can improve the performance when connected remotely.
In the Local Resources tab, you can configure your audio, keyboard and devices settings.
If you click Settings under Remote Audio, you can choose whether you want to playback audio on the remote machine, on the client machine or neither. You can also enable recording from the client machine.
In the Keyboard section, you have three options for handling Windows key combinations (such as ALT + TAB and CTRL + ALT + DEL). By default, these key combinations will be registered by the remote computer when you are in full screen, but if you’re in Window mode, they’ll be recognized by your computer (the client). For example, if you are in full screen and you press ALT + TAB, you’ll switch between windows on the remote machine. If you’re in Window mode, you’ll ALT + TAB between windows on your computer. You can change this so that Windows key combinations are only recognized by the client machine or the host machine.
Lastly, you can choose the settings for the ’Local devices and resources’. By default, you can share clipboards between machines (i.e. copy from the host and paste to the client) and print a document from the host machine on a printer connected to the client machine.
You may also want to share other devices and resources, such as hard drives. Click More to see more options. If you check Ports, you’ll be able to select which drives and volumes you want to share with the host machine. These show up under tsclient on the host machine, in the Network section of your Windows Explorer.
The Programs tab allows you to run a specific program when you connect to the remote machine. This allows you to run single programs on the remote computer without having to navigate through Windows Explorer. To enable this feature, check the ’Start the following program on connection’ box and enter the program path and file name. If you want to set a working folder, type it in in the second box.
The Experience tab lets you further tweak your settings for better performance. For example, it makes sense to disable the desktop background, menu and window animations since these aren’t essential for most tasks you’ll be performing remotely. You can also disable font smoothing to make text a little bit more readable, especially when the screen is resized. You can have Remote Desktop Connection choose the best settings for you based on your connection speed from the drop-down menu.
The Advanced tab gives you additional options. You can change how Server authentication behaves. Normally, Remote Desktop Connection will check to make sure that the server name on the certificate matches the computer name you entered to initiate the connection. If they don’t match, you’ll be warned before connecting. You can choose to ’Connect and don’t warn me’ if you want to skip this message. This may be useful if you are using the IP address to connect to the remote machine, since the authentication will always fail if you do so, since the remote computer won’t identify itself on the server by its IP address (it will use its computer name instead). Or, you can choose ’Do not connect’ if the server authentication fails, which will cancel the connection without warning you if the server name doesn’t match.
Lastly, you can also set up your Remote Desktop Gateway settings by clicking the Settings button under’Connect from anywhere’. Remote Desktop Gateways are used for connecting into corporate networks or Virtual Private Networks (VPN) from outside the network. For example, if you were at home and you wanted to connect to your desktop at the office via Remote Desktop Connection, you may need to use a Remote Desktop Gateway. Check with your network administrator to find out how to configure these settings.
Connecting to a Computer from Remote Desktop Connection
Once you’ve chosen all of the settings you want, you can save your settings in the General tab and clickConnect.
When you connect, Remote Desktop Connection will give you a series of warnings. The first one asks you if you trust the computer you’re connecting to. Dismiss this message by clicking Connect.
Next, you’ll be asked to enter your password. Use the password you would use to log in locally.
If you used an IP address to connect, you’ll see a warning about the server name on the certificate not matching the computer name you entered. This may happen if you didn’t use the exact same capitalization when entering the computer name. As long as the certificate name displayed is something you recognize, it’s safe to click Yes and continue.
After connecting, you’ll see the remote machine in a window of its own. To give the remote machine keyboard and mouse focus, click inside the window or make it full screen. To close the connection, simply close the window.
The next time you connect, you can save yourself the time of opening Remote Desktop Connection by right-clicking the computer you want to connect to in the Network pane in Windows Explorer and choosing’Connect with Remote Desktop Connection.’
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